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Nd:KGW Laser Crystal
Neodymium doped Potassium-Gadolinium Tungstate crystals (Nd:KGd(WO4)2 or Nd:KGW) are low-threshold high effective laser medium exceptionally suitable for laser rangefinders. The efficiency of such lasers is 3 - 5 times better than that of the Yttrium-Aluminium Garnet (YAG) lasers. At low pumping energies (0.5 to 1.0 J) KGW crystals are one of the few materials ensuing an effective generation. KGW single crystals can also be used for the fabrication of high-efficiency lasers with high output energy. The single crystals exhibit a high optical quality. KGW crystals have great value of the bulk strength for laser radiation.
Properties of Nd:KGW laser crystal
Chemical Formula: Nd3+M :KG(WO4)2
Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; 2/m; l2/a
Lattice Constants: a=8.087, b=10.374, c=7.588Å, β=94.4°
Melting Point: 1075°C; Phase transition to tetragonal form 1005 °C
Density: 7.27 g/cm³
Mohs Hardness: 4
Yong modules: 115.8[100], 152.5[010], 92.4[001]
Thermal Conductivity: 2.8[100]; 2.2[010]; 3.5[001] W/m/K
Nd:KGW Optical Properties
Transmission range: 350 ~5500nm
Refractive Index: nq = 2.049; np = 1.978; nm = 2.014 @1067 nm
Lasing Wavelength: 911 nm 1067 nm 1351 nm
Peak Emission Cross Section: >3.8 x 10-19/cm² @1067nm
Absorption Bands: 941 nm, 968.5 nm
Absorption bandwidth: 18nm for 940nm, 2nm for 969nm
Fluorescent lifetime:: 110 µs (3% doping), 90 µs ( 8% doping)
Optical homogeneity: 1 x 10-5
Bend limits: 13.9[100], 10.2[010], 6.4[001] kg/mm
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Optical damage threshold: 20 GW/cm²
General Specifications of Nd:KGW Laser Crystal
1) Orientation: Custom specs, crystalline direction (+/-0.5°)
2) Max size: Dia. 20 x 75mm
3) Surface quality: better than 10/5 Scratch/Dig
4) Parallelism: 10 arc seconds
5) Perpendicularity: 5 arc minutes
6) Surface flatness: λ/10 at 633 nm
7) Clear aperture: Central 95%
8) Chamfer: 0.15mm @45°
9) Damage threshold: over 20GW/cm² (without coating)
10) Coating: AR, HR or upon customer's specification
i. Yb:YAG laser crystal
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References:
1. Comparison of cw laser performance of Nd: KGW, Nd: YAG, Nd: BEL, and Nd: YVO4 under laser diode pumping
A.A. Demidovich, A.P. Shkadarevich, M.B. Danailov, P. Apai, T. Gasmi, V.P. Gribkovskii, A.N. Kuzmin, G.I. Ryabtsev & L.E. Batay
Applied Physics B, Volume 67, pages 11–15, (1998)
Abstract:
...crystals under low-power laser diode end-pumping. Output power dependencies on the pump power and the pump wavelength of these diode-pumped solid state lasers were investigated. The high Nd3+ concentration of the Nd:KGW samples used in our measurements as well as up-conversion and exited-state absorption processes in Nd:KGW cause the reduced laser output power dependence on the pump wavelength which was experimentally observed. At pump levels up to 270mW a slope efficiency of ηsl≈46% was reached for the Nd:KGW laser. Nd:KGW microchip laser operation with a slope efficiency of ηsl≈50% was demonstrated. Thermal lensing in Nd:KGW at pump powers up to 3W was measured.
2. Numerical study of LED-pumped Nd: KGW laser.
FERUZA SHERMATOVA*, SHERMAKHAMAT PAYZIYEV, ANVARJON SHERNIYOZOV
Optica Applicata, Vol. LIV, No. 3, 202
Abstract: In this study, we conducted a numerical analysis of LED-pumped solid-state lasers. We developed a simulation model for LED-pumped Nd:KGW and Nd:YAG lasers, incorporating a “five-way” pumping module. The spectral and laser characteristics of Nd:KGW were analyzed. Our results indicate that Nd:KGW crystals may be more suitable for LED pumping compared to the widely used Nd:YAG, as evidenced by their comparative performance. LED pumped Nd:KGW laser showed higher slope efficiency. We provide estimates for the laser output and absorption distribu tion. The study explores the influence of Nd concentration levels within Nd:KGW on laser outputs when employing LED pumping, while also addressing thermal considerations in Nd:KGW rods.
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