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Wed May 17 2017
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Nd:GdVO4 Laser Crystal

Neodymium doped Gadolinium Vanadate (Nd:GdVO4) is a promising material for diode pumped laser. Similar to Nd:YVO4 crystal, Nd:GdVO4 crystal also exhibits high gain, low threshold, and high absorption coefficients at pumping wavelengths, which result from the excellent fit of the neodymium dopant in the crystal lattice. Comparing to Nd:YVO4, Nd:GdVO4 laser crystal has additional advantage of much higher thermal conductivity.

Nd:GdVO4 Laser Crystal

Nd:GdVO4 Physical and Optical Properties

Crystal Structure: Zircon Tetragonal, space group: D4h, a=b=7.21, c=6.35
Melting Point: 1780 °C
Density: 5.47g/cm³
Mohs Hardness: Glass-like, ~ 5
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: αa=1.5x10E-6/K, αc=7.3x10E-6/K
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient: 11.7 W/m/K <110>
Peak Absorption Wavelength: 808.5 nm
Lasing Wavelength: 912.6 nm, 1063.1 nm, 1341.3 nm
Crystal Class: positive uniaxial, no=na=nb ne=nc
no=1.9854, ne=2.1981 @ 1064nm
no=2.038184, ne=2.292962 @ 532nm
no=1.9977322, ne=2.219864 @ 808nm

Thermal Optical Coefficient: dn/dT=4.7x10E-6/K
Stimulated Emission Cross-Section: 7.60x10E-19 /cm² @1064nm
Fluorescent Lifetime: 95 ms (1 atm% Nd doped) @ 808nm
Loss Coefficient: 0.003 /cm @ 1064nm
Absorption Coefficient: 74 /cm @ 808nm (1.2%)
Absorption Length: 0.32 mm @ 808 nm
Intrinsic Loss: Less 0.1% /cm @1064 nm
Linewidth: 0.6nm
Polarized Laser Emission: π parallel to c-axis
Diode Pumped Optical to Optical Efficiency: > 60%
Sellmeier Equation (for pure GdVO4 crystals):
Ne² = 4.734369 + 0.1216149 /(λ² - 0.0523664) - 0.013927λ²
No² =3.8987165 +0.05990622 /(λ² -0.0514395) -0.011319λ²

Nd:GdVO4 General Specifications

1) Orientation: a-cut crystalline direction(+/-0.5deg.)
2) Dimensional tolerance: +/-0.1mm or +/-0.005mm
3) Wavefront Distortion: λ/8@633nm
4) Surface quality: better than 20/10 Scratch-Dig
5) Parallelism: 10 arc seconds
6) Perpendicularity: 5 arc minutes
7) Surface flatness: λ/10 at 632.8nm
8) Clear aperture: Central 95%
9) Chamfer: 0.15mm @45°
10) Damage threshold: over 15J/cm² ( without coating), over 700 MW/cm² (with coating)
11)Coating:
AR@1063nm, R < 0.1% & HT@808nm, T>95%
HR@1063nm, R>99.8% & HT@808nm, T>95%
HR@1063nm, R>99.8% & HR@532nm, R>99% & HT@808nm T>95%
Nd dopant concentration: 0.2-3.0 atm%

Nd:GdVO4 compares with Nd:YVO4

Material Nd:GdVO4 1.2 atm% Nd:YVO4 1.0 atm%
Fluorescence Lifetime 95 ms 100 ms
Stimulated emission cross section 7.6x10E-19 /cm² 5.6x10E-19 /cm²(p-pol)
Absorption coefficient 78 /cm 31.2 /cm
Absorption Length 0.18 mm 0.32 mm
Threshold power 70 mW 78 mW
Conversion efficiency 50% 48.6%
Thermal conductivity coefficient 11.7 W/m.k 5.10 W/m.k

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1. Nd:GdVO4

0.25% 4x4x18 mm Nd:GdVO4 Laser Crystal

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1% 3x3x5 mm Nd:GdVO4 Laser Crystal

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1% 3x3x2 mm Nd:GdVO4 Laser Crystal

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